Introduction to IT:COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALs

A computer is a device that performs the information-processing cycle.

The information-processing cycle consists of four basic operations: input, processing, output, and storage. 

A computer system, also called a system, is a group of associated components that work together.

Computer system components are categorized into two main groups:

–Hardware

–Software

Hardware is made up of the physical parts of the computer, including such components as the system unit, monitor, keyboard, and printer.

Software is made up of all the programs that instruct the computer.

–System software includes the programs that assist with the 

Software can be grouped as system software or application software

–Application software includes the programs used to perform tasks. 

Input, the first operation of the information-processing cycle, enables the computer to accept data.

–Data refers to facts that are raw and unorganized.

–Data is entered into the computer for processing through the use of input devices such as a keyboard or mouse.

Processing, the second operation of the information-processing cycle, converts data into information. 

–Information refers to simplified, organized, processed data.

–The central processing unit (CPU) processes the data into information.

–Random access memory (RAM) temporarily stores programs and data needed by the CPU.

Output, the third operation of the information-processing cycle, displays processed data that users can comprehend.

–Output devices include monitors and printers.

Storage, the fourth operation of the information-processing cycle, stores the processed results so that they can be used in the future

–Storage devices save both the programs and the data used by the computer system and include such devices as hard drives, CDs, and USB drives.

Communications, the moving of data within or between computers, is sometimes considered the fifth operation in the information-processing cycle.

Communication devices connect computers to a network of two or more computers.

A network shares input/output devices and other resources.